Account Abstraction on Starknet

Karolina

16 Nov 2023
Account Abstraction on Starknet

Innovations that enhance user experience and broaden the scope of technological capabilities are always in the spotlight. One such groundbreaking development is the implementation of "Account Abstraction" on Starknet. This concept, although technical, holds immense significance for both everyday users and developers within the blockchain ecosystem. In this article, we delve into the intricacies of Account Abstraction on Starknet, exploring its transformative potential and how it's reshaping interactions in the blockchain world. Our goal is to demystify this complex topic, providing you with a clear understanding of its implications and benefits.

Understanding Starknet

Starknet Overview

Starknet, developed by StarkWare, represents a cutting-edge layer 2 scaling solution for Ethereum. Its primary aim is to enhance the scalability and privacy of Ethereum transactions by using STARK technology (Scalable Transparent ARguments of Knowledge), a zero-knowledge cryptographic proof. This technology allows for massive throughput increases while ensuring data privacy and security. Since its inception, Starknet has rapidly gained attention for its potential to address some of the key challenges faced by blockchain networks, such as high gas fees and slow transaction speeds.

MUST READ: What is Account Abstraction

Key features

  • High Scalability. By offloading computation and storage from the Ethereum main chain, Starknet significantly reduces congestion and fees.
  • Increased Privacy. STARK technology ensures transaction privacy, a critical feature for many users and applications in the blockchain space.
  • Enhanced Security. The framework offers robust security features, leveraging the inherent security properties of Ethereum.

Demystifying Account Abstraction

The Concept of Account Abstraction

Account Abstraction is a revolutionary concept in the blockchain world, initially proposed for Ethereum and now being implemented in platforms like Starknet. At its core, account abstraction blurs the traditional lines between contract accounts and externally owned accounts (EOAs). In typical blockchain models, these two account types have distinct roles and capabilities. Externally owned accounts are controlled by private keys and are used for basic transactions, while contract accounts are governed by their code and can execute more complex operations.

The abstraction of these accounts means treating all accounts as smart contracts, simplifying the user experience, and expanding functionality. This unified approach allows for more complex and automated transactions, akin to traditional banking services, but within the blockchain's decentralized framework. This shift not only streamlines operations but also opens up new avenues for smart contract development and deployment, making blockchain technology more accessible and versatile.

Benefits of Account Abstraction

The implementation of account abstraction brings several key benefits to the blockchain ecosystem:

  • Simplified User Experience. Users can interact with the blockchain with greater ease and flexibility. For instance, multi-signature wallets, which previously required complex smart contract interactions, can become more straightforward and user-friendly.
  • Enhanced Security. By allowing users to set rules for transaction execution in their accounts (such as limits on withdrawal amounts or the need for multiple signatures), the risk of theft and unauthorized access is significantly reduced.
  • Increased Flexibility for Developers. Developers gain more control over how transactions are processed and validated. This facilitates the creation of more sophisticated DApps and services on the blockchain.
  • Interoperability. With a unified account model, the compatibility between different types of transactions and interactions across the blockchain is improved, leading to a more seamless experience.

Account Abstraction in Starknet

MUST READ: Native Account Abstraction: Opening Blockchain to New Possibilities

Implementing Account Abstraction on Starknet

Starknet's integration of Account Abstraction represents a significant leap forward in the blockchain domain. Unlike traditional blockchain networks that distinguish between user accounts and smart contract accounts, Starknet treats all accounts as smart contracts. This approach not only streamlines the user experience but also enhances the network's flexibility and functionality.

Technicals

The technical implementation of account abstraction in Starknet involves several key aspects:

  • Unified Account Model. In Starknet, all accounts, whether they belong to individual users or are part of a decentralized application (dApp), are treated as smart contracts. This uniformity simplifies interactions and transactions on the network.
  • Customizable Transaction Logic. Users and developers can define custom rules and logic for processing transactions within their accounts. This could range from simple validations to complex, multi-step processes.
  • Enhanced Security Features. Starknet's account model allows for built-in security features, such as multi-signature verification and recovery options, directly within the account's smart contract.
  • Ethereum Compatibility. Despite these advancements, Starknet maintains compatibility with Ethereum, allowing users to leverage the benefits of Account Abstraction while staying connected to the broader Ethereum ecosystem.

Practical Applications and Use Cases

The implementation of account abstraction on Starknet opens up a plethora of practical applications and use cases, some of which include:

  • Simplified Wallet Interfaces. Wallets on Starknet can become more user-friendly, with built-in security checks and automated transaction processes, making them more accessible to the average user.
  • Advanced Financial Instruments. The flexibility in transaction processing allows for the creation of sophisticated financial tools and services, such as automated escrow services, complex multi-party payment schemes, and advanced trading strategies.
  • Enhanced dApp Development. Developers can create dApps with more complex logic and user interactions, paving the way for applications that were previously difficult or impossible to implement on traditional blockchain platforms.
  • Innovative Governance Models. Starknet’s account model facilitates the development of decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) with intricate governance mechanisms, enabling more democratic and efficient decision-making processes.

Account abstraction on Starknet, therefore, is not just a technical enhancement; it's a paradigm shift that expands the boundaries of what's possible in the blockchain space. By simplifying user interactions and providing developers with more powerful tools, Starknet is setting a new standard for blockchain functionality and user experience.

The Future of Account Abstraction on Starknet

Upcoming Developments and Updates

The journey of account abstraction on Starknet is ongoing, with continuous improvements and updates being planned and implemented. These future developments are expected to further refine the technology, making it more robust, user-friendly, and versatile. 

The innovative approach of Starknet in implementing account abstraction is likely to have a significant impact on the broader blockchain landscape. This impact can manifest in several ways:

  • Setting a New Standard. As more users and developers experience the benefits of account abstraction on Starknet, it could set a new standard for user experience and functionality in blockchain platforms, influencing future blockchain developments.
  • Inspiring Innovation. The success of Starknet could inspire other blockchain platforms to adopt similar models, leading to a wave of innovation in the blockchain space.
  • Expanding Blockchain Adoption. By simplifying the user experience and enhancing the capabilities of blockchain applications, Starknet's approach to account abstraction could play a key role in driving wider adoption of blockchain technology across various industries.

Conclusion

The exploration of Account Abstraction on Starknet reveals a significant advancement in the blockchain realm, showcasing a perfect blend of innovation, user-centric design, and technical prowess. Starknet's implementation of this concept signifies a pivotal shift in how blockchain technology can be approached and utilized.

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Master UI Component Creation with AI: The Ultimate Guide for Developers

Gracjan Prusik

24 Mar 2025
Master UI Component Creation with AI: The Ultimate Guide for Developers

Introduction

Modern frontend development is evolving rapidly, and creating UI components with AI tools is helping developers save time while enhancing interface quality. With AI, we can not only speed up the creation of UI components but also improve their quality, optimize styles, and ensure better accessibility.

This article explores how creating UI components with AI is transforming frontend development by saving time and improving workflows. Specifically, we will discuss:

  • Generating components from images,
  • AI for style analysis and optimization,
  • Automatic style conversion and code migration,
  • AI in generating UI animations.

Creating UI Components with AI from Images

One of the interesting applications of AI in frontend development is the ability to generate components from an image. AI can recognize the structure of the interface and generate HTML/CSS or JSX code that matches the provided image. One of the most popular tools for UI creation is Lovable.

For testing, let's see how the tool performs in creating a simple contact form from the page you are currently on, which is Nextrope.

Query:

"Recreate the image I've sent you in Next.js using CSS."

Sample image used in the query:

The result received:

Tworzenie komponentów UI - Wygenerowany widok

Lovable did an excellent job transforming the image into code. The view is fully responsive. It’s important to remember that the more precise the request, the better the AI will replicate the expected view. However, even with a simple command, the tool performed surprisingly well.

Of course, AI has its limitations. It still makes quite a few mistakes. The generated code still requires review and fixes from the developer, but in some cases, the entire process is significantly sped up—correcting the code often takes less time than creating the component from scratch.

Optimizing UI Components with AI Tools for Style Improvements

This problem of inaccurate code reproduction by AI can be partially addressed by using it to analyze and improve styles. Tools like ChatGPT, DeepSeek and Claude are capable of not only generating code but also diagnosing CSS errors and suggesting why a particular style might not be working as expected.

Simple example: Why is the div not centered?

Query: "Why is this div not centered?"

AI analyzes the code and provides the following response:

Problem: The parent container does not have a defined width or display: flex.
Solution: Add the appropriate styles to the parent container.

.parent {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  width: 100vw;
  height: 100vh;
}

AI for Automatic Style Conversion and Code Migration in UI Components

AI can assist with style conversion between different technologies, such as transferring code from traditional CSS to Styled Components or Tailwind CSS.

Let's assume we have a style written in traditional CSS:

.button {
  background-color: blue;
  color: white;
  padding: 10px 20px;
  border-radius: 5px;
  transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
}

.button:hover {
  background-color: darkblue;
}

We can use AI for automatic conversion to Styled Components:

import styled from "styled-components";

const Button = styled.button`
  background-color: blue;
  color: white;
  padding: 10px 20px;
  border-radius: 5px;
  transition: background-color 0.3s ease;

  &:hover {
    background-color: darkblue;
  }
`;

export default Button;

AI can also assist in migrating code between frameworks, such as from React to Vue or from CSS to Tailwind.

This makes style migration easier and faster.

How AI Enhances UI Animation Creation

Animations are crucial for enhancing user experience in interfaces, but they are not always provided in the project specification. In such cases, developers have to come up with how the animations should look, which can be time-consuming and require significant creativity. AI, in this context, becomes helpful because it can automatically generate CSS animations or animations using libraries like Framer Motion, saving both time and effort.

Example: Automatically Generated Button Animation

Suppose we need to add a subtle scaling animation to a button but don't have a ready-made animation design. Instead of creating it from scratch, AI can generate the code that meets our needs.

Code generated by AI:

import { motion } from "framer-motion";

const AnimatedButton = () => (
  <motion.button
    whileHover={{ scale: 1.1 }}
    whileTap={{ scale: 0.9 }}
    className="bg-blue-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded-lg"
  >
    Press me
  </motion.button>
);

In this way, AI accelerates the animation creation process, providing developers with a simple and quick option to achieve the desired effect without the need to manually design animations from scratch.

Summary

AI significantly accelerates the creation of UI components. We can generate ready-made components from images, optimize styles, transform code between technologies, and create animations in just a few seconds. Tools like ChatGPT, DeepSeek, Claude and Lovable are a huge help for frontend developers, enabling faster and more efficient work.

In the next part of the series, we will take a look at:

If you want to learn more about how AI is impacting the entire automation of frontend processes and changing the role of developers, check out our blog article: AI in Frontend Automation – How It's Changing the Developer's Job?

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AI in Real Estate: How Does It Support the Housing Market?

Miłosz Mach

18 Mar 2025
AI in Real Estate: How Does It Support the Housing Market?

The digital transformation is reshaping numerous sectors of the economy, and real estate is no exception. By 2025, AI will no longer be a mere gadget but a powerful tool that facilitates customer interactions, streamlines decision-making processes, and optimizes sales operations. Simultaneously, blockchain technology ensures security, transparency, and scalability in transactions. With this article, we launch a series of publications exploring AI in business, focusing today on the application of artificial intelligence within the real estate industry.

AI vs. Tradition: Key Implementations of AI in Real Estate

Designing, selling, and managing properties—traditional methods are increasingly giving way to data-driven decision-making.

Breakthroughs in Customer Service

AI-powered chatbots and virtual assistants are revolutionizing how companies interact with their customers. These tools handle hundreds of inquiries simultaneously, personalize offers, and guide clients through the purchasing process. Implementing AI agents can lead to higher-quality leads for developers and automate responses to most standard customer queries. However, technical challenges in deploying such systems include:

  • Integration with existing real estate databases: Chatbots must have access to up-to-date listings, prices, and availability.
  • Personalization of communication: Systems must adapt their interactions to individual customer needs.
  • Management of industry-specific knowledge: Chatbots require specialized expertise about local real estate markets.

Advanced Data Analysis

Cognitive AI systems utilize deep learning to analyze complex relationships within the real estate market, such as macroeconomic trends, local zoning plans, and user behavior on social media platforms. Deploying such solutions necessitates:

  • Collecting high-quality historical data.
  • Building infrastructure for real-time data processing.
  • Developing appropriate machine learning models.
  • Continuously monitoring and updating models based on new data.

Intelligent Design

Generative artificial intelligence is revolutionizing architectural design. These advanced algorithms can produce dozens of building design variants that account for site constraints, legal requirements, energy efficiency considerations, and aesthetic preferences.

Optimizing Building Energy Efficiency

Smart building management systems (BMS) leverage AI to optimize energy consumption while maintaining resident comfort. Reinforcement learning algorithms analyze data from temperature, humidity, and air quality sensors to adjust heating, cooling, and ventilation parameters effectively.

Integration of AI with Blockchain in Real Estate

The convergence of AI with blockchain technology opens up new possibilities for the real estate sector. Blockchain is a distributed database where information is stored in immutable "blocks." It ensures transaction security and data transparency while AI analyzes these data points to derive actionable insights. In practice, this means that ownership histories, all transactions, and property modifications are recorded in an unalterable format, with AI aiding in interpreting these records and informing decision-making processes.

AI has the potential to bring significant value to the real estate sector—estimated between $110 billion and $180 billion by experts at McKinsey & Company.

Key development directions over the coming years include:

  • Autonomous negotiation systems: AI agents equipped with game theory strategies capable of conducting complex negotiations.
  • AI in urban planning: Algorithms designed to plan city development and optimize spatial allocation.
  • Property tokenization: Leveraging blockchain technology to divide properties into digital tokens that enable fractional investment opportunities.

Conclusion

For companies today, the question is no longer "if" but "how" to implement AI to maximize benefits and enhance competitiveness. A strategic approach begins with identifying specific business challenges followed by selecting appropriate technologies.

What values could AI potentially bring to your organization?
  • Reduction of operational costs through automation
  • Enhanced customer experience and shorter transaction times
  • Increased accuracy in forecasts and valuations, minimizing business risks
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Want to implement AI in your real estate business?

Nextrope specializes in implementing AI and blockchain solutions tailored to specific business needs. Our expertise allows us to:

  • Create intelligent chatbots that serve customers 24/7
  • Implement analytical systems for property valuation
  • Build secure blockchain solutions for real estate transactions
Schedule a free consultation

Or check out other articles from the "AI in Business" series