Account Abstraction on Starknet

Karolina

16 Nov 2023
Account Abstraction on Starknet

Innovations that enhance user experience and broaden the scope of technological capabilities are always in the spotlight. One such groundbreaking development is the implementation of "Account Abstraction" on Starknet. This concept, although technical, holds immense significance for both everyday users and developers within the blockchain ecosystem. In this article, we delve into the intricacies of Account Abstraction on Starknet, exploring its transformative potential and how it's reshaping interactions in the blockchain world. Our goal is to demystify this complex topic, providing you with a clear understanding of its implications and benefits.

Understanding Starknet

Starknet Overview

Starknet, developed by StarkWare, represents a cutting-edge layer 2 scaling solution for Ethereum. Its primary aim is to enhance the scalability and privacy of Ethereum transactions by using STARK technology (Scalable Transparent ARguments of Knowledge), a zero-knowledge cryptographic proof. This technology allows for massive throughput increases while ensuring data privacy and security. Since its inception, Starknet has rapidly gained attention for its potential to address some of the key challenges faced by blockchain networks, such as high gas fees and slow transaction speeds.

MUST READ: What is Account Abstraction

Key features

  • High Scalability. By offloading computation and storage from the Ethereum main chain, Starknet significantly reduces congestion and fees.
  • Increased Privacy. STARK technology ensures transaction privacy, a critical feature for many users and applications in the blockchain space.
  • Enhanced Security. The framework offers robust security features, leveraging the inherent security properties of Ethereum.

Demystifying Account Abstraction

The Concept of Account Abstraction

Account Abstraction is a revolutionary concept in the blockchain world, initially proposed for Ethereum and now being implemented in platforms like Starknet. At its core, account abstraction blurs the traditional lines between contract accounts and externally owned accounts (EOAs). In typical blockchain models, these two account types have distinct roles and capabilities. Externally owned accounts are controlled by private keys and are used for basic transactions, while contract accounts are governed by their code and can execute more complex operations.

The abstraction of these accounts means treating all accounts as smart contracts, simplifying the user experience, and expanding functionality. This unified approach allows for more complex and automated transactions, akin to traditional banking services, but within the blockchain's decentralized framework. This shift not only streamlines operations but also opens up new avenues for smart contract development and deployment, making blockchain technology more accessible and versatile.

Benefits of Account Abstraction

The implementation of account abstraction brings several key benefits to the blockchain ecosystem:

  • Simplified User Experience. Users can interact with the blockchain with greater ease and flexibility. For instance, multi-signature wallets, which previously required complex smart contract interactions, can become more straightforward and user-friendly.
  • Enhanced Security. By allowing users to set rules for transaction execution in their accounts (such as limits on withdrawal amounts or the need for multiple signatures), the risk of theft and unauthorized access is significantly reduced.
  • Increased Flexibility for Developers. Developers gain more control over how transactions are processed and validated. This facilitates the creation of more sophisticated DApps and services on the blockchain.
  • Interoperability. With a unified account model, the compatibility between different types of transactions and interactions across the blockchain is improved, leading to a more seamless experience.

Account Abstraction in Starknet

MUST READ: Native Account Abstraction: Opening Blockchain to New Possibilities

Implementing Account Abstraction on Starknet

Starknet's integration of Account Abstraction represents a significant leap forward in the blockchain domain. Unlike traditional blockchain networks that distinguish between user accounts and smart contract accounts, Starknet treats all accounts as smart contracts. This approach not only streamlines the user experience but also enhances the network's flexibility and functionality.

Technicals

The technical implementation of account abstraction in Starknet involves several key aspects:

  • Unified Account Model. In Starknet, all accounts, whether they belong to individual users or are part of a decentralized application (dApp), are treated as smart contracts. This uniformity simplifies interactions and transactions on the network.
  • Customizable Transaction Logic. Users and developers can define custom rules and logic for processing transactions within their accounts. This could range from simple validations to complex, multi-step processes.
  • Enhanced Security Features. Starknet's account model allows for built-in security features, such as multi-signature verification and recovery options, directly within the account's smart contract.
  • Ethereum Compatibility. Despite these advancements, Starknet maintains compatibility with Ethereum, allowing users to leverage the benefits of Account Abstraction while staying connected to the broader Ethereum ecosystem.

Practical Applications and Use Cases

The implementation of account abstraction on Starknet opens up a plethora of practical applications and use cases, some of which include:

  • Simplified Wallet Interfaces. Wallets on Starknet can become more user-friendly, with built-in security checks and automated transaction processes, making them more accessible to the average user.
  • Advanced Financial Instruments. The flexibility in transaction processing allows for the creation of sophisticated financial tools and services, such as automated escrow services, complex multi-party payment schemes, and advanced trading strategies.
  • Enhanced dApp Development. Developers can create dApps with more complex logic and user interactions, paving the way for applications that were previously difficult or impossible to implement on traditional blockchain platforms.
  • Innovative Governance Models. Starknet’s account model facilitates the development of decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) with intricate governance mechanisms, enabling more democratic and efficient decision-making processes.

Account abstraction on Starknet, therefore, is not just a technical enhancement; it's a paradigm shift that expands the boundaries of what's possible in the blockchain space. By simplifying user interactions and providing developers with more powerful tools, Starknet is setting a new standard for blockchain functionality and user experience.

The Future of Account Abstraction on Starknet

Upcoming Developments and Updates

The journey of account abstraction on Starknet is ongoing, with continuous improvements and updates being planned and implemented. These future developments are expected to further refine the technology, making it more robust, user-friendly, and versatile. 

The innovative approach of Starknet in implementing account abstraction is likely to have a significant impact on the broader blockchain landscape. This impact can manifest in several ways:

  • Setting a New Standard. As more users and developers experience the benefits of account abstraction on Starknet, it could set a new standard for user experience and functionality in blockchain platforms, influencing future blockchain developments.
  • Inspiring Innovation. The success of Starknet could inspire other blockchain platforms to adopt similar models, leading to a wave of innovation in the blockchain space.
  • Expanding Blockchain Adoption. By simplifying the user experience and enhancing the capabilities of blockchain applications, Starknet's approach to account abstraction could play a key role in driving wider adoption of blockchain technology across various industries.

Conclusion

The exploration of Account Abstraction on Starknet reveals a significant advancement in the blockchain realm, showcasing a perfect blend of innovation, user-centric design, and technical prowess. Starknet's implementation of this concept signifies a pivotal shift in how blockchain technology can be approached and utilized.

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AI in Real Estate: How Does It Support the Housing Market?

Miłosz Mach

18 Mar 2025
AI in Real Estate: How Does It Support the Housing Market?

The digital transformation is reshaping numerous sectors of the economy, and real estate is no exception. By 2025, AI will no longer be a mere gadget but a powerful tool that facilitates customer interactions, streamlines decision-making processes, and optimizes sales operations. Simultaneously, blockchain technology ensures security, transparency, and scalability in transactions. With this article, we launch a series of publications exploring AI in business, focusing today on the application of artificial intelligence within the real estate industry.

AI vs. Tradition: Key Implementations of AI in Real Estate

Designing, selling, and managing properties—traditional methods are increasingly giving way to data-driven decision-making.

Breakthroughs in Customer Service

AI-powered chatbots and virtual assistants are revolutionizing how companies interact with their customers. These tools handle hundreds of inquiries simultaneously, personalize offers, and guide clients through the purchasing process. Implementing AI agents can lead to higher-quality leads for developers and automate responses to most standard customer queries. However, technical challenges in deploying such systems include:

  • Integration with existing real estate databases: Chatbots must have access to up-to-date listings, prices, and availability.
  • Personalization of communication: Systems must adapt their interactions to individual customer needs.
  • Management of industry-specific knowledge: Chatbots require specialized expertise about local real estate markets.

Advanced Data Analysis

Cognitive AI systems utilize deep learning to analyze complex relationships within the real estate market, such as macroeconomic trends, local zoning plans, and user behavior on social media platforms. Deploying such solutions necessitates:

  • Collecting high-quality historical data.
  • Building infrastructure for real-time data processing.
  • Developing appropriate machine learning models.
  • Continuously monitoring and updating models based on new data.

Intelligent Design

Generative artificial intelligence is revolutionizing architectural design. These advanced algorithms can produce dozens of building design variants that account for site constraints, legal requirements, energy efficiency considerations, and aesthetic preferences.

Optimizing Building Energy Efficiency

Smart building management systems (BMS) leverage AI to optimize energy consumption while maintaining resident comfort. Reinforcement learning algorithms analyze data from temperature, humidity, and air quality sensors to adjust heating, cooling, and ventilation parameters effectively.

Integration of AI with Blockchain in Real Estate

The convergence of AI with blockchain technology opens up new possibilities for the real estate sector. Blockchain is a distributed database where information is stored in immutable "blocks." It ensures transaction security and data transparency while AI analyzes these data points to derive actionable insights. In practice, this means that ownership histories, all transactions, and property modifications are recorded in an unalterable format, with AI aiding in interpreting these records and informing decision-making processes.

AI has the potential to bring significant value to the real estate sector—estimated between $110 billion and $180 billion by experts at McKinsey & Company.

Key development directions over the coming years include:

  • Autonomous negotiation systems: AI agents equipped with game theory strategies capable of conducting complex negotiations.
  • AI in urban planning: Algorithms designed to plan city development and optimize spatial allocation.
  • Property tokenization: Leveraging blockchain technology to divide properties into digital tokens that enable fractional investment opportunities.

Conclusion

For companies today, the question is no longer "if" but "how" to implement AI to maximize benefits and enhance competitiveness. A strategic approach begins with identifying specific business challenges followed by selecting appropriate technologies.

What values could AI potentially bring to your organization?
  • Reduction of operational costs through automation
  • Enhanced customer experience and shorter transaction times
  • Increased accuracy in forecasts and valuations, minimizing business risks
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Want to implement AI in your real estate business?

Nextrope specializes in implementing AI and blockchain solutions tailored to specific business needs. Our expertise allows us to:

  • Create intelligent chatbots that serve customers 24/7
  • Implement analytical systems for property valuation
  • Build secure blockchain solutions for real estate transactions
Schedule a free consultation

Or check out other articles from the "AI in Business" series

AI-Driven Frontend Automation: Elevating Developer Productivity to New Heights

Gracjan Prusik

11 Mar 2025
AI-Driven Frontend Automation: Elevating Developer Productivity to New Heights

AI Revolution in the Frontend Developer's Workshop

In today's world, programming without AI support means giving up a powerful tool that radically increases a developer's productivity and efficiency. For the modern developer, AI in frontend automation is not just a curiosity, but a key tool that enhances productivity. From automatically generating components, to refactoring, and testing – AI tools are fundamentally changing our daily work, allowing us to focus on the creative aspects of programming instead of the tedious task of writing repetitive code. In this article, I will show how these tools are most commonly used to work faster, smarter, and with greater satisfaction.

This post kicks off a series dedicated to the use of AI in frontend automation, where we will analyze and discuss specific tools, techniques, and practical use cases of AI that help developers in their everyday tasks.

AI in Frontend Automation – How It Helps with Code Refactoring

One of the most common uses of AI is improving code quality and finding errors. These tools can analyze code and suggest optimizations. As a result, we will be able to write code much faster and significantly reduce the risk of human error.

How AI Saves Us from Frustrating Bugs

Imagine this situation: you spend hours debugging an application, not understanding why data isn't being fetched. Everything seems correct, the syntax is fine, yet something isn't working. Often, the problem lies in small details that are hard to catch when reviewing the code.

Let’s take a look at an example:

function fetchData() {
    fetch("htts://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts")
      .then((response) => response.json())
      .then((data) => console.log(data))
      .catch((error) => console.error(error));
}

At first glance, the code looks correct. However, upon running it, no data is retrieved. Why? There’s a typo in the URL – "htts" instead of "https." This is a classic example of an error that could cost a developer hours of frustrating debugging.

When we ask AI to refactor this code, not only will we receive a more readable version using newer patterns (async/await), but also – and most importantly – AI will automatically detect and fix the typo in the URL:

async function fetchPosts() {
    try {
      const response = await fetch(
        "https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts"
      );
      const data = await response.json();
      console.log(data);
    } catch (error) {
      console.error(error);
    }
}

How AI in Frontend Automation Speeds Up UI Creation

One of the most obvious applications of AI in frontend development is generating UI components. Tools like GitHub Copilot, ChatGPT, or Claude can generate component code based on a short description or an image provided to them.

With these tools, we can create complex user interfaces in just a few seconds. Generating a complete, functional UI component often takes less than a minute. Furthermore, the generated code is typically error-free, includes appropriate animations, and is fully responsive, adapting to different screen sizes. It is important to describe exactly what we expect.

Here’s a view generated by Claude after entering the request: “Based on the loaded data, display posts. The page should be responsive. The main colors are: #CCFF89, #151515, and #E4E4E4.”

Generated posts view

AI in Code Analysis and Understanding

AI can analyze existing code and help understand it, which is particularly useful in large, complex projects or code written by someone else.

Example: Generating a summary of a function's behavior

Let’s assume we have a function for processing user data, the workings of which we don’t understand at first glance. AI can analyze the code and generate a readable explanation:

function processUserData(users) {
  return users
    .filter(user => user.isActive) // Checks the `isActive` value for each user and keeps only the objects where `isActive` is true
    .map(user => ({ 
      id: user.id, // Retrieves the `id` value from each user object
      name: `${user.firstName} ${user.lastName}`, // Creates a new string by combining `firstName` and `lastName`
      email: user.email.toLowerCase(), // Converts the email address to lowercase
    }));
}

In this case, AI not only summarizes the code's functionality but also breaks down individual operations into easier-to-understand segments.

AI in Frontend Automation – Translations and Error Detection

Every frontend developer knows that programming isn’t just about creatively building interfaces—it also involves many repetitive, tedious tasks. One of these is implementing translations for multilingual applications (i18n). Adding translations for each key in JSON files and then verifying them can be time-consuming and error-prone.

However, AI can significantly speed up this process. Using ChatGPT, DeepSeek, or Claude allows for automatic generation of translations for the user interface, as well as detecting linguistic and stylistic errors.

Example:

We have a translation file in JSON format:

{
  "welcome_message": "Welcome to our application!",
  "logout_button": "Log out",
  "error_message": "Something went wrong. Please try again later."
}

AI can automatically generate its Polish version:

{
  "welcome_message": "Witaj w naszej aplikacji!",
  "logout_button": "Wyloguj się",
  "error_message": "Coś poszło nie tak. Spróbuj ponownie później."
}

Moreover, AI can detect spelling errors or inconsistencies in translations. For example, if one part of the application uses "Log out" and another says "Exit," AI can suggest unifying the terminology.

This type of automation not only saves time but also minimizes the risk of human errors. And this is just one example – AI also assists in generating documentation, writing tests, and optimizing performance, which we will discuss in upcoming articles.

Summary

Artificial intelligence is transforming the way frontend developers work daily. From generating components and refactoring code to detecting errors, automating testing, and documentation—AI significantly accelerates and streamlines the development process. Without these tools, we would lose a lot of valuable time, which we certainly want to avoid.

In the next parts of this series, we will cover topics such as:

Stay tuned to keep up with the latest insights!